Search results for "G-protein-coupled receptors"

showing 4 items of 4 documents

Hunting for the high-affinity state of G-protein-coupled receptors with agonist tracers: Theoretical and practical considerations for positron emissi…

2019

Abstract The concept of the high‐affinity state postulates that a certain subset of G‐protein‐coupled receptors is primarily responsible for receptor signaling in the living brain. Assessing the abundance of this subset is thus potentially highly relevant for studies concerning the responses of neurotransmission to pharmacological or physiological stimuli and the dysregulation of neurotransmission in neurological or psychiatric disorders. The high‐affinity state is preferentially recognized by agonists in vitro. For this reason, agonist tracers have been developed as tools for the noninvasive imaging of the high‐affinity state with positron emission tomography (PET). This review provides an…

Central Nervous SystemBETA-ADRENERGIC-RECEPTORpositron emission tomographyagonist high-affinity stateD-2/3 AGONISTG-protein-coupled receptorsReview ArticleReceptors G-Protein-Coupledchemistry.chemical_compound0302 clinical medicineDrug DiscoveryReceptorNeurotransmitterReview Articles0303 health sciencesmedicine.diagnostic_testNONHUMAN PRIMATE BRAINEndocytosisTEST-RETEST REPRODUCIBILITYPositron emission tomographyG‐protein‐coupled receptors030220 oncology & carcinogenesisENDOGENOUS OPIOID RELEASEMolecular MedicineIN-VIVO BINDINGSignal TransductionAgonistNoninvasive imagingexperimental designmedicine.drug_classNeurotransmissionRAT-BRAINneurotransmittersagonist high‐affinity state03 medical and health sciencesIn vivomedicineAnimalsHumanshuman brain030304 developmental biologyG protein-coupled receptorPharmacologyDOPAMINE D2(HIGH) RECEPTORS5-HT1A RECEPTORSchemistryPositron-Emission TomographyPET RADIOLIGANDRadiopharmaceuticalsNeuroscienceMedicinal research reviews
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Evidence for the existence of FGFR1-5-HT1A heteroreceptor complexes in the midbrain raphe 5-HT system.

2015

The ascending midbrain 5-HT neurons known to contain 5-HT1A autoreceptors may be dysregulated in depression due to a reduced trophic support. With in situ proximity ligation assay (PLA) and supported by co-location of the FGFR1 and 5-HT1A immunoreactivities in midbrain raphe 5-HT cells, evidence for the existence of FGFR1–5-HT1A heteroreceptor complexes were obtained in the dorsal and median raphe nuclei of the Sprague–Dawley rat. Their existence in the rat medullary raphe RN33B cell cultures was also established. After combined FGF-2 and 8-OH-DPAT treatment, a marked and significant increase in PLA positive clusters was found in the RN33B cells. Similar results were reached upon coactivati…

Malemedicine.medical_specialtySerotoninG-protein-coupled receptorReceptor tyrosine kinaseBiophysicsHeteroreceptor complexProximity ligation assayBiologyHeteroreceptorBiochemistryMidbrainRats Sprague-DawleyG-protein-coupled receptors; Receptor tyrosine kinases; Fibroblast growth factor receptor 1; Serotonin receptors; Heteroreceptor complex; DimerizationInternal medicinemedicineFluorescence Resonance Energy TransferAnimalsHumansReceptor Fibroblast Growth Factor Type 1Serotonin receptorMolecular Biology5-HT receptorNeurons8-Hydroxy-2-(di-n-propylamino)tetralinRapheMidbrain Raphe NucleiCell BiologyFibroblast growth factor receptor 1Cell biologyRatsmedicine.anatomical_structureEndocrinologyHEK293 Cellsnervous systemGene Expression RegulationReceptor Serotonin 5-HT1AAutoreceptorFibroblast Growth Factor 2NeuronRaphe nucleiPeptidesDimerizationProtein BindingBiochemical and biophysical research communications
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Identification of calcium sensing receptor (CaSR) mRNA-expressing cells in normal and injured rat brain

2009

Calcium sensing receptor (CaSR), isolated for the first time from bovine and human parathyroid, is a G-protein-coupled receptors that has been involved in diverse physiological functions. At present a complete in vivo work on the identification of CaSR mRNA-expressing cells in the adult brain lacks and this investigation was undertaken in order to acquire more information on cell type expressing CaSR mRNA in the rat brain and to analyse for the first time its expression in different experimental models of brain injury. The expression of CaSR mRNAs was found mainly in scattered cells throughout almost all the brain regions. A double labeling analysis showed a colocalization of CaSR mRNA expr…

Malemedicine.medical_specialtyTime FactorsCentral nervous systemHippocampusCell CountSettore BIO/11 - Biologia MolecolareBiologySettore BIO/09 - Fisiologiachemistry.chemical_compoundSeizuresInternal medicineSettore BIO/10 - BiochimicaCaSRmedicineAnimalsRNA MessengerRats WistarIbotenic AcidMolecular BiologyIn Situ HybridizationNeuronsKainic AcidGeneral NeuroscienceDentate gyrusBrainColocalizationImmunohistochemistryRatsOligodendrogliamedicine.anatomical_structureEndocrinologynervous systemchemistryBrain InjuriesNeurogliaNeurology (clinical)Pyramidal cellCaSR; BrainCalcium sensing receptor (CaSR) isolated for the first time from bovine and human parathyroid is a G-protein-coupled receptors that has been involved in diverse physiological functions. At present a complete in vivo work on the identification of CaSR mRNA-expressing cells in the adult brain lacks and this investigation was undertaken in order to acquire more information on cell type expressing CaSR mRNA in the rat brain and to analyse for the first time its expression in different experimental models of brain injury. The expression of CaSR mRNAs was found mainly in scattered cells throughout almost all the brain regions. A double labeling analysis showed a colocalization of CaSR mRNA expression in neurons and oligodendrocytes whereas it was not found expressed both in the microglia and in astrocytes. One week after kainate-induced seizure CaSR was found in the injured CA3 region of the hippocampus and very interestingly it was found up-regulated in the neurons of CA1-CA2 and dentate gyrus. Similarly 1 week following ibotenic acid injection in the hippocampus CaSR mRNA expression was increased in oligodendrocytes both in the lesioned area and in the contralateral CA1-CA3 pyramidal cell layers and dentate gyrus. One week after needle-induced mechanical lesion an increase of labeled cells expressing CaSR mRNA was observed along the needle track. In conclusion the present results contribute to extend available data on cell type-expressing CaSR in normal and injured brain and could spur to understand the role of CaSR in repairing processes of brain injury.Receptors Calcium-SensingIbotenic acidDevelopmental BiologyAstrocyte
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Single Peptide Backbone Surrogate Mutations to Regulate Angiotensin GPCR Subtype Selectivity

2020

Mutating the side-chains of amino acids in a peptide ligand, with unnatural amino acids, aiming to mitigate its short half-life is an established approach. However, it is hypothesized that mutating specific backbone peptide bonds with bioisosters can be exploited not only to enhance the proteolytic stability of parent peptides, but also to tune its receptor subtype selectivity. Towards this end, four [Y]6-Angiotensin II analogues are synthesized where amide bonds have been replaced by 1,4-disubstituted 1,2,3-triazole isosteres in four different backbone locations. All the analogues possessed enhanced stability in human plasma in comparison with the parent peptide, whereas only two of them a…

PeptidomimeticStereochemistryChemistry Multidisciplinary[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio]G-protein-coupled receptorsPeptide[CHIM.THER]Chemical Sciences/Medicinal ChemistryLigandsClick chemistry; Competition-binding experiments; G-protein-coupled receptors; Neurotrophic effects; Peptidomimetics010402 general chemistry01 natural sciencesCatalysisSubstrate Specificityneurotrophic effectscompetition-binding experimentsAnimalsHumansPeptide bondAmino AcidsComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUSG protein-coupled receptorchemistry.chemical_classificationReceptors AngiotensinScience & TechnologyAngiotensin II receptor type 1010405 organic chemistry[CHIM.ORGA]Chemical Sciences/Organic chemistryAngiotensin IIOrganic ChemistryGeneral ChemistryAngiotensin II0104 chemical sciencesAmino acidChemistryHEK293 CellschemistrypeptidomimeticsMutationPhysical Sciencesclick chemistryPeptides03 Chemical SciencesTwo-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy
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